I content _ roots page 06 page 12 page 22 I editorial 03 Dear Reader | Dr Carsten Appel, Guest Editor I industry report 38 The DownPak Device: obturation with heat and vibration | Dr Stephen Cohen et al. I clinical report 06 12 18 22 The X-Files: four case reports | Dr L. Stephen Buchanan I lifestyle 42 Enjoy your trip and indulge in the journey! | Annemarie Fischer Endodontically speaking, the proof is in the pudding | Dr Barry Musikant Apical microsurgery—Part III | Dr John J. Stropko I meetings 46 48 ESE holds another record meeting in Scotland | Daniel Zimmermann The future of endodontics: pulp revascularisation | Dr Philippe Sleiman Endo events I trends 24 Practical clinical considerations in endodontic re-treatment | Dr Richard E. Mounce & Dr Gary D. Glassman I about the publisher 49 50 | submissions | imprint I research 30 Determining working length, or how to locate the apical terminus | Prof Vladimir Ivanovic & Dr Katarina Beljic-Ivanovic Cover image courtesy of alphaspirit. page 30 page 38 page 46 04 I roots 4_ 2009